Erroneous Judgment (doxa hamartanē)

The inner process by which a faulty judgment gives rise to a passion: the soul assents to a false impression.

According to Epictetus, the erroneous judgment is not primarily an intellectual confusion but an act of false synkatathesis. When the mind assents to an impression that is false (e.g., "This insult harms me"), the corresponding passion (anger) arises automatically. The error lies not in the perception of the impression itself, but in the unconscious or unexamined assent given to it.